This hymn is commonly attributed to "Anonymous", yet there are hints from some 19th century hymnals that suggest research directions.
For example, the 1881 "The Presbyterian Hymnal for the Young: With Accompanying Tunes" lists "Lausanne Psalter" as a possible text source; this work edited by Guillaume Franc in 1865 is available online (https://www.e-rara.ch/doi/10.3931/e-rara-2674), but is clearly a French translations of the 150 psalms and little else--perhaps the reference was intended as a tune source? I didn't check the tunes, merely the text.
Also, The Church Porch, a service book and hymnal for Sunday schools Rev. Ed.page 223", contains a reference to "German, 1648", which again may be a tune source rather than a textual source. Perhaps someone versed in 17th century German hymnody could chase this down?